Physiological Chemistry Lecture

Caren Seagraves

617-287-6133

E-Mail: centercls@gmail.com

This page gives resources that relate directly to the lecture. Keep in mind that CHEM 130 has 3 components: Lecture, Lab, and Discussion. You must take each part in order to recieve credit for Chem 130. This website only has material that relates to the lecture. Information relating to laboratory can be found here.

There is an Exam on Mar. 25 during lecture. The exam is a retake of Exam 2. It will be entirely multiple choice. It will cover the material listed in the Stoichiometry Keypoints.

I recognize that it may be hard to tell what are recent additions to this site so I am trying a new system in which the new links and their descriptions will be printed in different colors based on the dates they were added to the page.

Mar. 23 updates look like this.

General Class Information

Office hours are Mon. 1-2, Thurs. 10-12 and 1-2. My office is is room 130 in the science building.

My Weekly Work Schedule

Course Syllabus

Course Schedule

Note that the date of Exam 3 has been changed to April 17 from April 10. Also remember that this schedule tries to indicate the day that a topic will be covered but it is not perfect.

Once it is ready the couse schedule will go here.

pdf file of the periodic table

Print this and bring it to lecture, discussions, and labs. You will need a periodic table with each of the elements symbol, name, atomic number, and molar mass.

Powerpoints from Lecture

These are the powerpoints that will be and have been used in lecture. When you are going over the powerpoints before be sure to make notes of your questions so that you can be sure they are addressed in lecture. I plan on adding new powerpoints over the weekends or on Friday afternoon. In most cases I should have the week's powerpoints up before the week begins. In some cases there will be differences between the powerpoint presentations I have posted before lecture and those that I use in lecture. These powerpoints give a framework for what goes on in lecture but they are not a substitute for attending lecture, most lectures will contain examples that are not in these powerpoints. If you miss class you must get notes from a classmate and go over the material that you missed with them.

    Course Overview

    Introduction to Chemistry

    Numbers and Units

    Scientific Notation and Atomic Structure

    Periodic Trends Lecture

    Atomic Structure And Periodic Trends I

    Atomic Structure And Periodic Trends II

    Radii and Reactivity

    Chemical Formulas and Equations

    Ions, Noble Gases, Salts, and Covalent Bonds

    Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

    Moles and Concentrations

    Solutions and Concentrations

    Dilutions

    Acids and Bases

    Thermodynamics

Keypoints

Keypoints Classification of Matter

Keypoints Units and Numbers

Keypoints Basic Atomic Structure

Keypoints Periodic Table Groups and Reactivities

Atomic Orbitals and Periodic Trends

Keypoints Chemical Formulas and Equations

Keypoints Noble Gas Configurations, Ions, and Covalent Bonds

Keypoints on Lewis Dot Structures and VSEPR

Keypoints Stoichiometry

These may be updated after Monday to include dilutions of solutions.

Homework Assignments

These are grouped according to the content not the dates of the assignment. The assignment titles match what is on the powerpoint titles, but the powerpoints do not neccesarily contain all of the information that you will need to do the assignments. You will need to check with other resources, the text, other handouts, lecture notes, and/or come to office hours or make an appointment. Do not let yourself fall behind, or decide that you can put off understanding the ones that seem hard until the exam.

Written Homework Assignments

    Mixtures and Pure Substances

    Measurements and Significant figures

    Scientific Notation and Unit Conversions

    Basic Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

    Electron Configuration Homework

    This assignment is from a website, but print it out and do it as a written homework assignment. Though I did not write if it reflects what you are expected to know. You will not be able to access the answer but a key will be availale on the bulletin board

    Atomic Radii and Periodic Trends

    This is a quiz that I reformated and edited to reflect what we have done in class. This problem set is from the chemcool website

    Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds

    Balancing Equations Practice

    This assignment is from a website, but print it out and do it as a written homework assignment. Though I did not write if it reflects what you are expected to know. The answer key for these problems is in the same .pdf file

    Lewis Dot Structure Problem Set

    There is a written tutorial in the Reference section that supports this problem set.

    Molarity Calculations

    Go to Calculate Molarity - Interesting Substances. This is a 3 problem online quiz. Unlike the quizzes that are below and meant for practice these problems are homework problems and a key for them will be posted across from my office. This program generates more than 3 questions if you return to it repeatedly. If you get it after 3 questions you are done otherwise try a few more. There is now a answer key for these problems given below

    There is now a answer key for these problems given below in the answer key section

    Percents, ppm and ppb Problem Set

    These are homework problems that are typical calculations. The numeric answers are given at the end of this problem set.

Online Homework Assignments and Practice

    Classification of Matter Summary and Practice Problems

    An interactive problem set that lets you practice recognizing the number of significant figures in a number.

    An Excellent Significant Figure Online Quiz Generator

    It has very clear explainations of the answers. You finish a whole page of problems before checking your answers though.

    Unit Conversion Practice I

    When calculating the volumes, convert the units for each side before calculating the volume. Problems 5, 8, 7,9 have the wrong number of Significant Figures

    Unit Conversion Practice II

    Use a table to identify the SI prefixes and their relative sizes.

    Unit Conversion Practice III

    In the question when they ask about 430 mmHg they cannot be sure that there are 2 significant figures. Do not worry about the question about specific gravity

    Rounding Practice I

    A rounding that is very basic, but it would be a good place to start if you have not rounded numbers for a while. It only practice rounding, it does not teach the whys at all.

    Rounding Practice II

    This is excellent rounding practice and at the level required for this class. In these you consider significant figures as well as rounding.

    Atomic Orbital Diagram Practice

    Place electrons in atomic orbital diagrams. The script gives an immediate response with hints to solve the problem. You will need a periodic table to do these problems.

    Principles of Quantum Mechanic Quiz

    Select the quiz "Atomic Theory III: The Quantum Mechanical Model".

    Electron Configuration Quiz

    Select the quiz "Electron Configurations". There are many other quizzes on this subject but this is the only one that relates to material in this course.

    Chembalancer I

    This is a good balancing equation practice. On my browser the page looks a bit odd but all of the information is there. Once you have filled the boxes in with the coefficients you pressed the “Balanced” button in the green box to check your answer.

    Chembalancer II

    This is a chance for balancing chemical equations it is a step harder than chembalancer I

    Balancing Practice with Hints

    This online practice site has hints to help if you get stuck balancing problems. This is a nice feature plus it lets you chose how many problems you want to do before checking your answers

    Lewis Dot Structure VESPER Practice

    Practice drawing Lewis dot structures and identifying objects around the central atom.

    Online VSEPR and Intermolecular Forces Quiz

    This is a pretty good online VSEPR Quiz. I have only done the Level 1. If your computer does not show the formulas just enter the molecules name in google, and it will be easy to find out what the formula is. There is a chance to answer 3 questions about each molecule. Its geomentry, by which they mean the shape of the molecule when all of the objects around it are considered. The shape of the molecule, by which they mean the shape formed when only atoms are considered. Finally when C is selected the quiz asks about the kind of forces that may act between molecules of this type. This is something that we will get to on Monday Feb. 23.

    Calculating Amounts of Reactants and Products I

    This is a short problem set that follows a video on this subject. I highly recommend doing this quiz

    Calculating Amounts of Reactants and Products II

    Here is a quiz that provides a chance to practice using the number of moles of either products and a balanced chemical equation to determine the amount of another element or compound that is part of the equation. These questions are at the level that we did in class and in Discussion section. In the instructions for this quiz it indicates that calculators should not be used. This predudice against calculators belongs to the person who made this quiz not me. Use a claculator.

    Calculating Amounts of Reactants and Products III

    This is an online quiz that covers what we did in class on 2/23, but in a way that requires a good understanding of the concepts involved. Do this quiz after you feel comfortable with calculating molecular molar masses. The last question is about limiting reagents. We will not be covering limiting regents in depth so just skip this one.

    Molarity I

    A quiz in which you do basic calculations relating, # of moles, volume and molarity

    Molarity II

    A quiz composed of molarity word problems. In some of these problems you need to bring what we did in lecture on 2/23 together with molarity problems You will need to do problems at this level for this class.

    #5 answer key

    Concentration Calculations Practice

    These are fairly straight forward concentration calculations. The numeric answers to these problems are given on the last page of this handout.

    Multiple Choice Acid Base Review Quiz

    Use these questions to help you review lecture and to direct you to what subjects you need to review.

    Multiple Choice Acid Base Review Quiz II

    Use these questions to help you review lecture and to direct you to what subjects you need to review. Ignore # 14. It does not make sense.

    Answer Keys

    The answer to many of the homework problems are posted across from my office, which is room 130, floor 1 of the science building. There are example answers to almost everytype of problem you will see, use these answers to develop strategies for the problems that don't have answers. If you can't figure a problem out after trying for 20 minutes get help from me or a friend.

    Answer Key to Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds

    This handout links the questions in Exam one to the corresponding Keypoints. It is not really an answer key but this seemed to be the best place for it.

    Answer Key Molarity Homework

    #5 Answer

    Here is a description of how to solve #5 of the Mollarity II online quiz.

    Quiz 2 Key

    Here is an answer key for Quiz 2.

    Na Homework Key

    This describes one way of solving the Na homeork problem that was given in Discussion Sections

    Exam 2 Answer Key

    This answer key gives the answers for all of the questions and links to resources available through this website that will help you understand the material, and get the practice that you need in order to solve the problems on the Exam. I have given detailed examples of how to solve the longer problems on the exam. The links offer many chances to solving similar problems. Practicing how to do these problems is the key to being able to recognize them and solve them readily, which is what you need to be able to do on an exam.

    Online and Written References

    These are websites that have clear descriptions and reasonably accurate information about subjects we are addressing in the course. For the first part of the course treat them as your textbook.

    Composition of Matter: Mixtures and Pure Substances

      Google Books Description of Matter Classification

      Don't worry about the different types or heterogeneous mixtures.

      ChemProfesssor Classification of Matter

      This is another description of the classification of matter, it has many examples and is clearly worded.

      Identification of Mixtures and Pure Substances Flow Chart

      Seperation Of Mixtures - From Discussion

    Numbers, Units, and Calculation Methods

      Google Video of a lecture on significant figures.

      I think this is a very clear lecture and I would like to know what you think.

      Factor Product Video

      This is a video lecture about factor product method. It is a god resource and I highly recomend it to anyone who is feeling unsure about the mathematics in this course. Factor-Product is also called Dimenstional Analysis.

      Introduction to the Factor-Product Method

      This introduction ends with an example that uses more chemistry than you may know right now, but the method is clear even if the reasons are not.

    Basic Atomic Structure

      Intro to Atomic Structure I

      First, do not hate me for including a site that is aimed at kids. Just keep this book mark so that you can use this site with your own children. This site has many very good introdutions to topics and I know profs who, wrongly, will copy the text from this site and hand it out to student because they don't want their students to be offended that it is meant for kids. I can't see doing this.

      Intro to Atomic Structure II

      This site covers all of the material about basic atomic structure that we will consider in this course. (We will return to atomic structure but at a bit more complex level.) You should be able to do the quiz at the end of this reference.

      Summary of Atomic Structure

      The basics of atomic structure on one sheet.

      Atomic Structure Video

    Atomic Orbitals

      Introduction to Atomic Orbitals

      This is a reference that covers material in the "Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends" Lecture. Unless you know this stuff very well make the time to read this.

      Interactive display gives the occupation of orbital shells and subshells,

      You may use this page to teach yourself about how electron orbitals are filled.

    Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends

      Trends of the Periodic Table

      This site gives a clear description of periodic trends. It does not relate everything back to the changes seen in atomic radii as we have done in lecture but it is written clearly and reinforces the ideas we went over in lecture. It also includes electronegativity and melting point as part of periodic trends. Electronegativities are similar to electron affinity. Melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid."

      Periodic Properties of the Elements: Trends in the Periodic Table

      This reference descrbes trends we observed in the periodic table.

      Trends in the Periodic Table

      You may use this page to teach yourself about how electron orbitals are filled.

    Chemical Formulas and Chemical Equations

      Interpretting Formulas Quiz

      This is a short but excellent quiz.

      Periodic Properties of the Elements: Trends in the Periodic Table

      This reference descrbes tre nds we observed in the periodic table.

      Trends in the Periodic Table

      You may use this page to teach yourself about how electr on orbitals are filled.

      Rules for Balancing Chemical Equations

    Types of Chemical Bonds

      An Interactive Slide Show on Ionic Bonds

      This interactive slide show does a good job explaining what ionic compounds are and how they are formed. It images and wording are clear and make watching this worthwhile. It does not consider whys other than to say that metals generally lose electrons while nonmetals gain.

      Description of Ionic and Covalent Bonds

      This is pretty reasonable site describing ionic and covalent bonds. Keep in mind that animations are cartoons. They are meant to illustrate of was of thinking about the bonds but they are not meant to represent what is going on. Just as the chemical symbols with the dots around them are a very nice way to keep count of electrons they do give a picture of what a molecule looks like.

    Lewis Dot Structures and VSEPR Method

      Dot Structure Tutorial

      Lewis Dot Structures I

      A good Discussion of Lewis Dot structures

      Lewis Dot Structures II

      This is a less wordy description of Lewis dot structures. Many of you may find that you prefer the instruction for drawing Lewis Dot structures that is provided at this site

      VSEPR I

      This site has a pretty reasonable description of the VSEPR Model of predicting molecular geomentry. This is the method we have been using but we are only considering a central atom with 3 objects (atoms or lone pairs), or 4 (atoms or lone pairs) around. More are considered here but the description is the same.

      VSEPR II

      This is a description of VSEPR that is short on words but still has enough information.

    Stoichiometry

      What is a mole?

      Discusses Moles as a unit of measure, and explains why having this unit is useful. Note that when she describes a mole as a unit of measure, it is different from what I presented in lecture. In lecture I presented a mole as a counting unit, like a dozen, or a gross.

      Calculating Molar Masses

      Clear instructions on how to calculate molar masses of molecules. There is a mistake in this write up though, when they gave the molecular mass of water at the end they used an "8" when they should have used a "18".

      Calculating Amounts of Reactents and Products

      This is a video that describes the sort of calculation that we did in lecture on Monday 2/23. The video is clear, and it is useful, in part because it combines the 3 steps that we did in class into 1 step and many of you may prefer this method, to using separate steps.

    Concentrations of Solutions

      Introduction to Molarity

      An introduction to Molarity with example problems

      Description of Concentrations by Percents, ppm, and ppb.

      This is a brief description of concentration by percents, ppm and ppb. There are several worked example problems.

    Intermolecular Forces and Phases of Matter

      Bond and Molecular Polarity

      This site discusses charge separation in ionic and covalent bonds. It has simple animations and can take a few seconds to load. Don’t assume it is a broken link until your browser says so.

      Intermolecular Forces

      This site discusses the forces that hold molecules together as solids and liquid, electrostatic forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, and London Forces.

    Acids and Bases

      Acids and Bases

      This is a clear desciption of acids and bases.

    Powerpoints Book Lectures

    Fundamentals ofGeneral, Organic, and Biological Chemistry. Most of the information has not been covered in lecture because the text is meant for a year long course. This can lead to confusion, which is why the first part f the text has not traditionally been the required text for this course. If you use these powerpoints to study use the Keypoint lists to focus on the topics that are covered in this course. You will still need the powerpoints that I have prepared as well as the websites that I have given links to.

    Chapter 1

    Chapter 2

    Chapter 3

    Chapter 4

    Chapter 5

    Chapter 6

    Chapter 7

    Chapter 8

    Chapter 9

    Chapter 10